In a Microsoft Windows environment, a GPO (Group Policy Object), in French, ogroup policy object, is a set of rules and parameters applicable to users or computers within a network. It enables system administrators to control and standardise configurations, security policies and system behaviour via Active Directory.
How it works
- GPOs are linked to Active Directory containers (domains, organisational units, sites).
- They define parameters such as :
- Security policies (password complexity, account locking).
- Access restrictions (blocking software execution, controlling USB peripherals).
- Software deployment or updates.
- Configuration of firewall or encryption.
🎯 Main objectives
- Centralise management configurations and policies.
- Enhancing safety by imposing standards (e.g. compliance RGPDinternal standards).
- Automate administrative tasks (e.g. connection scripts, application installation).
👉 Examples
- Apply a complex password policy to all users in a domain.
- Disable execution of .exe files from USB sticks.
- Force activation of BitLocker encryption on client workstations.
Key components
- GPMC (Group Policy Management Console) GPO creation and management tool.
- Computer Configuration" and "User Configuration" parameters rules specific to machines or users.
✔ Advantages in cybersecurity
- Reduced risk of manual configuration errors.
- Consistent implementation of security policies.
- Audit made easy by tracking GPO modifications and applications.
Related tools Active Directory, Microsoft Endpoint Manager, LGPO (for non-domain environments).
Complementarity : Often used in conjunction with vulnerabilities or SIEM for holistic safety.
